Wednesday, November 30, 2011

NGC 6960 - Veil Nebula (Western Segment)

In the constellation Cygnus (The Swan) an unknown supergiant star exploded some 15,000 years ago and briefly appeared as a spectacular Type II supernova. The remnant of that ancient blast is now visible as a very large circle of nebulosity known as the Cygnus Loop. More popularly known as the Veil Nebula (aka Filamentary Nebula, Bridal Veil Nebula, or Network Nebula), this circle of star material spans some 3 degrees or six full-Moon-diameters of the night sky. The segment on the western side of the loop is cataloged as NGC 6960 or Caldwell 33 and is the subject of my recent image shown below:

(Click image to view larger version)

This portion of the Veil Nebula is also known as "The Witches Broom" and is dominated by the bright, magnitude 4.2 foreground star known as 52 Cygni. NGC 6960 runs in a roughly north-south line slightly east of 52 Cygni. A cropped, full resolution image of this western segment of the Veil is shown below:

(Click image to view larger version)

Note 1: East is toward top and North is toward right side for all images. Complete image details are available by clicking here.

Note 2: [Source: O'Meara, Stephen James. "The Caldwell Objects". Cambridge: University of Cambridge and Sky Publishing, 2002. Print.]

Saturday, November 26, 2011

Spectacular Pleiades

On fall and winter evenings, the northern sky's most spectacular open cluster rides high in the constellation Taurus the Bull. The 70-million-year-old cluster contains some 100 stars in an area 14 light years in diameter with ten stars brighter than 6th magnitude. Photographs show the entire area surrounded by ice-blue nebulosity that reflects the light of the hot, young stars. Debate continues whether the nebulosity is associated with the stars or whether the cluster is just moving through an area of nebulosity. Either way, the cluster/nebulosity combination makes for a magnificent wide-field photograph. Here is a reduced version of the Pleiades:

(Click image to view larger version)

A map of the Pleiades rotated to match all images is shown below:

(Click image to view larger version)

The brightest area of nebulosity surrounds the star Merope (23 Taurii) and is known as the Merope Nebula (IC349). Just to the south of Merope (left) is another area of nebulosity cataloged as NGC 1435 and also known as Tempel's Nebula. A close-up image of the area around Merope is shown below:

(Click image to view larger version)

Another bright area of nebulosity surrounds the Maia (20 Taurii) and is known as the Maia Nebula (NGC 1432). A close-up image of the area around Maia is shown below:

(Click image to view larger version)

Note 1: East is toward top and North is toward right side for all images. Complete image details are available by clicking here.

Note 2: [Source: O'Meara, Stephen James. "The Messier Objects". Cambridge: University of Cambridge and Sky Publishing, 1998. Print.]

Saturday, October 29, 2011

NGC 663 and Companions

Among the many open cluster in the region where the Milky Way cuts through Cassiopeia is a tight grouping of three clusters dominated by NGC 663. With a diameter of 15 arc-minutes and a magnitude of 7.1, NGC 663 is also cataloged as Caldwell 10 and is often described as the 'The Horseshoe Cluster'. Here is a close-up image of NGC 663:

(Click image to view larger version)

About one-half degree to the southwest of NGC 663 is another fainter and smaller cluster cataloged as NGC 659. This cluster is about 6 arcmin in diameter and shines at magnitude 7.9. Here is a close-up image of NGC 659:

(Click image to view larger version)

Also in the same field of view, about 43 arc-minutes to the northwest of NGC 663 is still another small cluster designated as NGC 654. This cluster is also about 6 arc-minutes in diameter but slightly brighter than NGC 659 at magnitude 6.5. Here is a close-up image of NGC 654:

(Click image to view larger version)

The complete field-of-view containing the three clusters (labeled) is shown in the following image. Note: The bright blue-white star to the southwest (below and left) of NGC 659 is the multiple star 44 CAS. This 5.8 magnitude star has a magnitude 9.6 companion 66 arc-seconds away and a 9.2 magnitude companion 140 arc-seconds away.

(Click image to view larger, unlabeled version)

Note: East is toward top and North is toward right side for all images. Also, complete image details are available by clicking here.

Thursday, October 6, 2011

Comet Garradd - Sept. 29, 2011

Comet C/2009 P1 (Garradd) is a fairly bright and very well placed object for North American astronomers from now through Spring of 2012. As comets go it is a large object but never comes closer to the Sun than Mars' average distance. Thus it will be visible for an unusually long time but will never sport much of a tail. Below is an image of Garradd taken on the evening of September 29, 2011 from the Chiefland Astronomy Village in Chiefland, Florida. It is composed of multiple 2-minute exposures through LRGB filters.

(Click image to view larger version)

Here is also a very short video of the motion of Garradd over the 90-minute period that I spent imaging the object (10 frames, each frame approximately ten minutes apart).

Monday, September 5, 2011

Sending Text Messages with Python

One of the neat things I like to do with my Astro-Imaging scripts is to have the ability to send periodic status messages to my cell phone. With this capability, if I am away from my imaging computer, I can always know how imaging is progressing. Also, I can have my script send any error messages that crop up so that I may immediately return to my imaging setup if needed.

The key to sending text messages is contained in this List of SMS Gateways that contains e-mail addresses for each of the major cell phone carriers. Basically, all you need to do is send an e-mail message to the domain that applies to your cell phone carrier with your phone's ten-digit number as the address. As the Wikipedia page explains, you can only send simple text messages to the SMS gateway. The following Python code listing shows how to send the e-mail message programmatically. Obviously, you will need to know the outgoing e-mail domain, your user name and password for accessing your personal e-mail service provider to make the code work.

The listing shown below is coded for my particular service carrier (AT&T Wireless). To personalize the code for your particular setup, just modify the five constants defined prior to the class declaration. The source file corresponding to this listing can be downloaded from cTexting.zip.
from smtplib import SMTP
import datetime
import socket
import traceback

SMTP_DOMAIN = r'<OUTGOING EMAIL DOMAIN>'
SMTP_USER   = r'<USER NAME>'
SMTP_PASS   = r'<PASSWORD>'
FROM_ADDR   = r'AstroPhoto Update <anyone@gmail.com>'
TO_ADDR     = r'<TEN-DIGIT CELL NUMBER>@txt.att.net'

socket.setdefaulttimeout(10)

##--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
## Class: cTextMsg
##------------------------------------------------------------------------------
class cTextMsg:
    __objectName = ''

    def __init__(self):
        pass
        
    def set_objectName(self, value):
        self.__objectName = value
        return
    
    def get_objectName(self):
        return self.__objectName

    def sendSMSMessage(self,message):
        smtp = SMTP()
        smtp.set_debuglevel(0)
        
        subject = self.get_objectName()
        date = datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%d/%m/%Y %H:%M')

        msg = 'From: %s\nTo: %s\nSubject: %s\nDate: %s\n\n%s' % \
                (FROM_ADDR,TO_ADDR,subject,date,message)
        
        try:
            smtp.connect(SMTP_DOMAIN,0)
            smtp.login(SMTP_USER,SMTP_PASS)
            smtp.sendmail(FROM_ADDR,TO_ADDR,msg)
            print "SMS Message Sent Successfully"
            smtp.quit()
        except socket.timeout:
            print "ERROR: Timeout sending SMS Message"
        except:
            print "ERROR: Unable to send SMS Message"
            print '!'*60
            print traceback.format_exc()
        
##
##    END OF 'cTextMsg' Class
##

if __name__ == '__main__':
    
    email_msg = cTextMsg()
    email_msg.set_objectName('M31')
    print 'Object Name: ' + email_msg.get_objectName()
    email_msg.sendSMSMessage('This is a sample message from an imaging session.')